Assalamu’alaikum.wr.wb.
Hello all my friends and Miss Dini as my english
lecturer. Thanks for your attandance. Introduce me, my name is Syarinda Putri
Rizqita. I am students from Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University. At this
time, i want deliver a speech. The title is ‘’How much Borneo’s Forest are
left?”.
The points of my speech is:
1. Borneo’s
forest as the lungs of the world.
2. The
damage that occurs in Borneo’s forest.
3. Causes
of forest destruction.
4. The
role of society and government in saving the forest.
The first point is...
1.
Borneo’s forest as the lungs of the
world:
Borneo island is one of the lung of the world
because the forest area reached 40.8 million hectares. Unfortunately a lot goin
on illegal logging resulting in damage to forest. AccordinG to data released by
The Ministry Forestry, the rate of destruction in Borneoin 2000 until 2005
reached approximately 1.23 million hectares.
The world forest, along wit it’s oceans absorb
enormous amounts of the carbon dioxide that circulates in the atmosphere. They
are, effectively, the earth’s lungs, and protecting those lungs is crucial if
we are to defend the planets biodiversity and fight global warming.
Forests provide a home for wild plants and animals.
Rainforests are home to many species of plants and animals in the world,
including endangered species. When forests are cut down, many species should be
facing extinction. Some species in the forest can only survive in their natural
habitat. The zoo can not save all animals.
‘’They’’ help to stabilize the world's climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Excess carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere is believed to contribute to climate change through global warming.
Therefore rain have an important role in addressing global warming. Forests also
affect local weather conditions by creating rainfall and moderating
temperatures.
The second point is...
2.
The damage that occurs in Borneo’s
forest:
Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million
hectares of forests, destroyed by chainsaws, fire and cement. Deforestation is
advancing at an alarming pace: about 10 hectares of forest – the equivalent of
14 football fields – disappear every minute, the result mainly of human
activities such as agriculture, the extraction of raw materials and urbanisation.
From September to October 2015, Indonesia was the
scene of one of the most disastrous fires in recent years. Burning unabated for
weeks, the flames affected more than 2.6 million hectares of forest, mainly in
the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. Enormous
clouds of smoke made it to Malaysia, Singapore and
Thailand, with toxic gases inhaled by at least 43 million people. The
Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics called the fires
a "crime against humanity of extraordinary proportions".
The destruction of natural habitats, the commercial
exploitation of lands, pollution and climate change are some of the main causes
of worldwide biodiversity loss.
"We are in the heart of a biodiversity crisis.
We are losing about 1,000 species of animals and plants every year,"
explains Professor Henrique Pereira, the head of research at the German Centre
for Integrative Biodiversity Research at Leipzig University. "Biodiversity
is fundamental for the planet’s balance, but also for the health of humankind.
Many of the medicines we use come from compounds extracted from animals or
plants. Every time a plant or an animal becomes extinct, we lose our chance to
discover compounds which can potentially be useful for the invention of a new
medication."
"Forests are disappearing on a global level at
a rate that is an object of scientific debate. Data provided by the United
Nations reveals a reduction of deforestation over the past decades,"
explains Peter Holmgren, the director of the Centre for International Forestry
Research. "This is good news, but in certain regions of the world such as
Indonesia, Brazil and Central Africa we are still losing forests at a worrying
rate."
Data released by the State of the World's Forests
2007 issued The UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO), deforestation in
Indonesia during the 2000-2005 period was 1.8 million hectares / year. The high
rate of deforestation in Indonesia have made the Guinness Book of The Record
menganugrahi Indonesia as a country with the fastest rate of deforestation in
the world. An achievement that it is inappropriate to be proud of.
The third point is...
3.
Causes of forest destruction:
The most authoritative theories blame the fires on
individuals interested in the acquisition of new lands – including some
companies that produce palm oil – and on farmers who use the fire to prepare
lands for cultivation. The dry season and the prolonged combustion within the
vast peat stretches make extinguishing operations even more complicated.
"Almost all fires detected in Indonesia are
caused by man for farming reasons. A fire is the cheapest way to empty out the
land for agriculture. Fires can be ignited by individuals who control vast
plantations, or small farmers working in their own parcels of land with
traditional methods," explains Peter Holmgren, the director of the Centre
for International Forest Research (CIFOR), which is based in Bogor, near
Jakarta, and researches tropical forests.
In Borneo, according to Global Fire Data’s
estimates, more than 130,000 fires were detected in 2015 alone, producing
almost two billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. That is more than the total
produced by Germany or Japan in a year.
Forest fires are a global problem. "According
to Nasa and to the Global Fire Database, an average of 4.5 million hectares of
rainforest go up in flames every year," explains Guido van der Werf, an
Earth and life sciences researcher at the Free University of Amsterdam.
"Almost all fires in tropical areas are caused by mankind."
Deforestation in Indonesia is caused by the timber
industry is increasingly narrowing the natural forest. The transfer of
functions (conversion) of forest to oil palm plantations also contributed
greatly to the swift pace of deforestation. Conversion of forest to oil palm
plantation area has been affected more than 7 million hectares until 1997.
Reduced width and quality of the forests in Borneo became a serious threat to various species of rare animals in Borneo, including orangutans, proboscis monkeys, sun bears and various kinds of gibbons. Endangered species that condition is wedged between the narrowing of forests into their habitat and poaching.
Reduced width and quality of the forests in Borneo became a serious threat to various species of rare animals in Borneo, including orangutans, proboscis monkeys, sun bears and various kinds of gibbons. Endangered species that condition is wedged between the narrowing of forests into their habitat and poaching.
The fourth
point is...
4.
The role of society and government in
saving the forest:
The government will allocate at least 45% of
Kalimantan as the lungs of the world, in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 26% by 2020.
Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry Daryanto explained in a presidential decree signed on January 5, 2012, was number 26 of 2007 regarding the arrangement of space.
On the island of Borneo 45% of the island of Borneo is the world's lungs, the goal is to preserve the land as biodiversity, wildlife and plants endemic to Borneo, for example, orangutans, and the development of the ecosystem corridors between protected areas.
Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry Daryanto explained in a presidential decree signed on January 5, 2012, was number 26 of 2007 regarding the arrangement of space.
On the island of Borneo 45% of the island of Borneo is the world's lungs, the goal is to preserve the land as biodiversity, wildlife and plants endemic to Borneo, for example, orangutans, and the development of the ecosystem corridors between protected areas.
Problems in Kalimantan covers energy independence and national energy for electric power, mining and oil palm. Government coordination is done by the government said the four provinces on the island.
The central government said it would involve the region in the implementation of Presidential Decree No. regulation. 3 of 2012about Borneo Island Land Use Plan.
Then, the central government will coordinate with governments of four provinces in Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.
The Presidential press release also noted that
Kalimantan would become a center for plantations of palm oil, rubber and other
sustainable forest products, an issue which has raised concerns amongst some international
organizations.
Adam Tomasek, head of the WWF’s Heart of Borneo
Initiative, believes the new decree offers a fantastic opportunity to secure
the future of Borneo as a place where sustainable development exists in balance
with a practical and beneficial conservation regime. However, the targets set
out in the regulation will not be met unless the values of ecosystems and
biodiversity, or ‘natural capital’, become key features of future economic
development planning.
“WWF has been working for a long time with both
National and local governments to develop spatial plans, and engage businesses
and communities to drive conservation and sustainable development in Borneo.
The decree is a leadership statement from the President of Indonesia that will help
ensure the previous commitments on the Heart of Borneo will be met,” Mr.
Tomasek said.
The conclusion of my
speech is Forest is an area with dense overgrown
by trees and other vegetation. The destruction of forests is one of the
activities the forest fire, the cause is preparation of clearing, hunting and
other activities that led to the number of forests in Indonesia reduced.
Destruction of forests has led to various negative impacts to humans and the environment. Deforestation, when there is a change that disrupt the function of forests have a negative impact, for example: the forest fire that caused forests into barren, so can result in flooding, landslides, people's lives were disrupted by forest and the life is meaningless and the difficulty in develop its economy.
Therefore, efforts or the efforts in preventing and combating forest damage primarily the result of the burning of forests such as providing public education by increasing public awareness of the importance of forests and empower a number of posts that served to cope in the event of forest fires at all levels.
Destruction of forests has led to various negative impacts to humans and the environment. Deforestation, when there is a change that disrupt the function of forests have a negative impact, for example: the forest fire that caused forests into barren, so can result in flooding, landslides, people's lives were disrupted by forest and the life is meaningless and the difficulty in develop its economy.
Therefore, efforts or the efforts in preventing and combating forest damage primarily the result of the burning of forests such as providing public education by increasing public awareness of the importance of forests and empower a number of posts that served to cope in the event of forest fires at all levels.
Forests as a source of lung of the world then we
must take care to maintain the balance of the ecosystem that is the world that
must start from ourselves for survival in the future. Especially
forest on Borneo island.
That is all that I can say. I apologize if there are
things that are less pleasing. Thanks for your attention. Final words I say,
Wassalamu’alaikum.wr.wb.
