How much Borneo's Forest are left? (Syarinda's Speech)

Assalamu’alaikum.wr.wb.

Hello all my friends and Miss Dini as my english lecturer. Thanks for your attandance. Introduce me, my name is Syarinda Putri Rizqita. I am students from Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University. At this time, i want deliver a speech. The title is ‘’How much Borneo’s Forest are left?”.

The points of my speech is:

1.      Borneo’s forest as the lungs of the world.

2.      The damage that occurs in Borneo’s forest.

3.      Causes of forest destruction.

4.      The role of society and government in saving the forest.

The first point is...

1.      Borneo’s forest as the lungs of the world:

Borneo island is one of the lung of the world because the forest area reached 40.8 million hectares. Unfortunately a lot goin on illegal logging resulting in damage to forest. AccordinG to data released by The Ministry Forestry, the rate of destruction in Borneoin 2000 until 2005 reached approximately 1.23 million hectares.

The world forest, along wit it’s oceans absorb enormous amounts of the carbon dioxide that circulates in the atmosphere. They are, effectively, the earth’s lungs, and protecting those lungs is crucial if we are to defend the planets biodiversity and fight global warming.

Forests provide a home for wild plants and animals. Rainforests are home to many species of plants and animals in the world, including endangered species. When forests are cut down, many species should be facing extinction. Some species in the forest can only survive in their natural habitat. The zoo can not save all animals.

‘’They’’ help to stabilize the world's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to contribute to climate change through global warming. Therefore rain have an important role in addressing global warming. Forests also affect local weather conditions by creating rainfall and moderating temperatures.

The second point is...

2.      The damage that occurs in Borneo’s forest:

Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forests, destroyed by chainsaws, fire and cement. Deforestation is advancing at an alarming pace: about 10 hectares of forest – the equivalent of 14 football fields – disappear every minute, the result mainly of human activities such as agriculture, the extraction of raw materials and urbanisation.

From September to October 2015, Indonesia was the scene of one of the most disastrous fires in recent years. Burning unabated for weeks, the flames affected more than 2.6 million hectares of forest, mainly in the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. Enormous

clouds of smoke made it to Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, with toxic gases inhaled by at least 43 million people. The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics called the fires a "crime against humanity of extraordinary proportions".

The destruction of natural habitats, the commercial exploitation of lands, pollution and climate change are some of the main causes of worldwide biodiversity loss.

"We are in the heart of a biodiversity crisis. We are losing about 1,000 species of animals and plants every year," explains Professor Henrique Pereira, the head of research at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research at Leipzig University. "Biodiversity is fundamental for the planet’s balance, but also for the health of humankind. Many of the medicines we use come from compounds extracted from animals or plants. Every time a plant or an animal becomes extinct, we lose our chance to discover compounds which can potentially be useful for the invention of a new medication."

"Forests are disappearing on a global level at a rate that is an object of scientific debate. Data provided by the United Nations reveals a reduction of deforestation over the past decades," explains Peter Holmgren, the director of the Centre for International Forestry Research. "This is good news, but in certain regions of the world such as Indonesia, Brazil and Central Africa we are still losing forests at a worrying rate."

Data released by the State of the World's Forests 2007 issued The UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO), deforestation in Indonesia during the 2000-2005 period was 1.8 million hectares / year. The high rate of deforestation in Indonesia have made the Guinness Book of The Record menganugrahi Indonesia as a country with the fastest rate of deforestation in the world. An achievement that it is inappropriate to be proud of.

The third point is...

3.      Causes of forest destruction:

The most authoritative theories blame the fires on individuals interested in the acquisition of new lands – including some companies that produce palm oil – and on farmers who use the fire to prepare lands for cultivation. The dry season and the prolonged combustion within the vast peat stretches make extinguishing operations even more complicated.

"Almost all fires detected in Indonesia are caused by man for farming reasons. A fire is the cheapest way to empty out the land for agriculture. Fires can be ignited by individuals who control vast plantations, or small farmers working in their own parcels of land with traditional methods," explains Peter Holmgren, the director of the Centre for International Forest Research (CIFOR), which is based in Bogor, near Jakarta, and researches tropical forests.

In Borneo, according to Global Fire Data’s estimates, more than 130,000 fires were detected in 2015 alone, producing almost two billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. That is more than the total produced by Germany or Japan in a year.

Forest fires are a global problem. "According to Nasa and to the Global Fire Database, an average of 4.5 million hectares of rainforest go up in flames every year," explains Guido van der Werf, an Earth and life sciences researcher at the Free University of Amsterdam. "Almost all fires in tropical areas are caused by mankind."

Deforestation in Indonesia is caused by the timber industry is increasingly narrowing the natural forest. The transfer of functions (conversion) of forest to oil palm plantations also contributed greatly to the swift pace of deforestation. Conversion of forest to oil palm plantation area has been affected more than 7 million hectares until 1997.

Reduced width and quality of the forests in Borneo became a serious threat to various species of rare animals in Borneo, including orangutans, proboscis monkeys, sun bears and various kinds of gibbons. Endangered species that condition is wedged between the narrowing of forests into their habitat and poaching.

The fourth point is...

4.      The role of society and government in saving the forest:

The government will allocate at least 45% of Kalimantan as the lungs of the world, in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26% by 2020.
Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry Daryanto explained in a presidential decree signed on January 5, 2012, was number 26 of 2007 regarding the arrangement of space.

On the island of Borneo 45% of the island of Borneo is the world's lungs, the goal is to preserve the land as biodiversity, wildlife and plants endemic to Borneo, for example, orangutans, and the development of the ecosystem corridors between protected areas.

Problems in Kalimantan covers energy independence and national energy for electric power, mining and oil palm. Government coordination is done by the government said the four provinces on the island.

The central government said it would involve the region in the implementation of Presidential Decree No. regulation. 3 of 2012about Borneo Island Land Use Plan.
Then, the central government will coordinate with governments of four provinces in Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.

The Presidential press release also noted that Kalimantan would become a center for plantations of palm oil, rubber and other sustainable forest products, an issue which has raised concerns amongst some international organizations.



Adam Tomasek, head of the WWF’s Heart of Borneo Initiative, believes the new decree offers a fantastic opportunity to secure the future of Borneo as a place where sustainable development exists in balance with a practical and beneficial conservation regime. However, the targets set out in the regulation will not be met unless the values of ecosystems and biodiversity, or ‘natural capital’, become key features of future economic development planning.

“WWF has been working for a long time with both National and local governments to develop spatial plans, and engage businesses and communities to drive conservation and sustainable development in Borneo. The decree is a leadership statement from the President of Indonesia that will help ensure the previous commitments on the Heart of Borneo will be met,” Mr. Tomasek said.

The conclusion of my speech is Forest is an area with dense overgrown by trees and other vegetation. The destruction of forests is one of the activities the forest fire, the cause is preparation of clearing, hunting and other activities that led to the number of forests in Indonesia reduced.

Destruction of forests has led to various negative impacts to humans and the environment. Deforestation, when there is a change that disrupt the function of forests have a negative impact, for example: the forest fire that caused forests into barren, so can result in flooding, landslides, people's lives were disrupted by forest and the life is meaningless and the difficulty in develop its economy.

       Therefore, efforts or the efforts in preventing and combating forest damage primarily the result of the burning of forests such as providing public education by increasing public awareness of the importance of forests and empower a number of posts that served to cope in the event of forest fires at all levels.

Forests as a source of lung of the world then we must take care to maintain the balance of the ecosystem that is the world that must start from ourselves for survival in the future. Especially forest on Borneo island.

That is all that I can say. I apologize if there are things that are less pleasing. Thanks for your attention. Final words I say, Wassalamu’alaikum.wr.wb.